Environmental Geography — Climate Change, Biodiversity Loss, Ecosystem Services

What should you study in Environmental Geography?

• Climate change impacts — sea level rise, glacier retreat, desertification
• Biodiversity loss — habitat destruction, invasive species, extinction rates
• Ecosystem services — provisioning, regulating, cultural, supporting
• Nature-based solutions — mangrove restoration, urban green spaces

How often is Environmental Geography asked in UPSC Mains?

Asked in 2 of 10 years, including 1 of the last 5. Highlighted years below are the ones it appeared in.

1. 2016: not asked
2. 2017: not asked
3. 2018: not asked
4. 2019: asked
5. 2020: not asked
6. 2021: not asked
7. 2022: asked
8. 2023: not asked
9. 2024: not asked
10. 2025: not asked

About the Mains GS Paper I paper

GS Paper I is a 250-mark descriptive Mains paper covering Indian heritage and culture, history and geography of the world, and society. See all 41 Mains GS Paper I topics.

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