Energy & Economic Diplomacy — Oil, Critical Minerals, Green Hydrogen, FTAs

What should you study in Energy & Economic Diplomacy?

• Energy diplomacy — discounted Russian oil, diversification push
• Critical minerals — lithium from Argentina, cobalt from Congo; India's strategy
• Green hydrogen — partnerships (Germany, Denmark, Australia)
• FTAs — UAE CEPA, Australia ECTA, UK FTA ongoing

How often is Energy & Economic Diplomacy asked in UPSC Mains?

Asked in 3 of 10 years, including 2 of the last 5. Highlighted years below are the ones it appeared in.

1. 2016: not asked
2. 2017: not asked
3. 2018: not asked
4. 2019: asked
5. 2020: not asked
6. 2021: not asked
7. 2022: asked
8. 2023: not asked
9. 2024: asked
10. 2025: not asked

About the Mains GS Paper II paper

GS Paper II is a 250-mark descriptive Mains paper covering governance, the Constitution, polity, social justice and international relations. See all 40 Mains GS Paper II topics.

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