Global Governance — Climate Agreements, NPT, CTBT, WTO Disputes & India's Stand

What should you study in Global Governance?

• Climate agreements — UNFCCC, Paris Agreement, India's net zero 2070
• Nuclear — NPT (non-signatory), CTBT (signed not ratified), NSG membership bid
• Cyber governance — Budapest Convention (not signed); India's position
• WTO disputes — solar panels, agricultural subsidies, IP rights

How often is Global Governance asked in UPSC Mains?

Asked in 3 of 10 years, including 2 of the last 5. Highlighted years below are the ones it appeared in.

1. 2016: not asked
2. 2017: asked
3. 2018: not asked
4. 2019: not asked
5. 2020: not asked
6. 2021: asked
7. 2022: not asked
8. 2023: asked
9. 2024: not asked
10. 2025: not asked

About the Mains GS Paper II paper

GS Paper II is a 250-mark descriptive Mains paper covering governance, the Constitution, polity, social justice and international relations. See all 40 Mains GS Paper II topics.

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