Human Resource Development — Skill India, NSDC, Vocational Training & Employment

What should you study in Human Resource Development?

• Skill India Mission — PMKVY, JSS, ITIs, RPL recognition
• NSDC — industry partnerships, sector skill councils
• Apprenticeship Act — Neem trainees, industry quotas
• Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana 4.0 — new-age skills

How often is Human Resource Development asked in UPSC Mains?

Asked in 2 of 10 years, including 1 of the last 5. Highlighted years below are the ones it appeared in.

1. 2016: not asked
2. 2017: not asked
3. 2018: asked
4. 2019: not asked
5. 2020: not asked
6. 2021: asked
7. 2022: not asked
8. 2023: not asked
9. 2024: not asked
10. 2025: not asked

About the Mains GS Paper II paper

GS Paper II is a 250-mark descriptive Mains paper covering governance, the Constitution, polity, social justice and international relations. See all 40 Mains GS Paper II topics.

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