Protected Areas, Wildlife, Wetlands (Ramsar) & International Conventions

What should you study in Protected Areas, Wildlife, Wetlands (Ramsar) & International Conventions?

• National Parks vs Sanctuaries vs Biosphere Reserves — differences
• Ramsar wetlands in India — 75+ sites, key ones
• CITES — Appendix I, II, III species; ivory ban
• CBD, Nagoya Protocol, Kunming-Montreal Framework (30×30 target)

How often is Protected Areas, Wildlife, Wetlands (Ramsar) & International Conventions asked in UPSC Prelims?

Asked in 5 of 10 years, including 3 of the last 5. Highlighted years below are the ones it appeared in.

1. 2016: asked
2. 2017: not asked
3. 2018: not asked
4. 2019: asked
5. 2020: not asked
6. 2021: asked
7. 2022: not asked
8. 2023: asked
9. 2024: not asked
10. 2025: asked

About the Prelims GS Paper I paper

General Studies Paper I is the Prelims paper that decides the cut-off: 100 multiple-choice questions for 200 marks, with negative marking for wrong answers. See all 88 Prelims GS Paper I topics.

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