E-Governance, Digital Public Infrastructure — Aadhaar, UPI, DPI, JAM Trinity

What should you study in E-Governance, Digital Public Infrastructure?

• Aadhaar — biometric ID, voluntary vs mandatory debate, Supreme Court judgment
• Digital Public Infrastructure — UPI, CoWIN, ONDC, Account Aggregator
• JAM Trinity — Jan Dhan, Aadhaar, Mobile; DBT impact
• e-Governance models — G2C, G2B, G2G; UMANG, DigiLocker

How often is E-Governance, Digital Public Infrastructure asked in UPSC Mains?

Asked in 4 of 10 years, including 2 of the last 5. Highlighted years below are the ones it appeared in.

1. 2016: not asked
2. 2017: asked
3. 2018: not asked
4. 2019: asked
5. 2020: not asked
6. 2021: not asked
7. 2022: asked
8. 2023: not asked
9. 2024: asked
10. 2025: not asked

About the Mains GS Paper II paper

GS Paper II is a 250-mark descriptive Mains paper covering governance, the Constitution, polity, social justice and international relations. See all 40 Mains GS Paper II topics.

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