S&T Developments — India's Ecosystem & Indigenisation
एस&टी विकास — भारत का पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र और स्वदेशीकरण
S&T Developments — India's Ecosystem & Indigenisation is part of the UPSC Mains GS Paper III syllabus, under Science & Technology. It appeared in Mains GS Paper III question papers in 5 of the 10 years from 2016 to 2025 (2016, 2018, 2020, 2022, 2024). It is marked high-yield: a topic worth revising more than once.
What should you study in S&T Developments?
- ISRO — Chandrayaan-3 (soft landing 2023), Aditya-L1, Gaganyaan
- DRDO — Agni, Brahmos, ASAT (Mission Shakti); indigenisation
- DST, DBT, CSIR — R&D ecosystem; Atal Innovation Mission
- Innovation indices — GII rank; R&D % of GDP (0.7% vs OECD 2.5%)
How often is S&T Developments asked in UPSC Mains?
Asked in 5 of 10 years, including 2 of the last 5. Highlighted years below are the ones it appeared in.
- 2016: asked
- 2017: not asked
- 2018: asked
- 2019: not asked
- 2020: asked
- 2021: not asked
- 2022: asked
- 2023: not asked
- 2024: asked
- 2025: not asked
About the Mains GS Paper III paper
GS Paper III is a 250-mark descriptive Mains paper covering technology, economic development, biodiversity, environment, security and disaster management. See all 50 Mains GS Paper III topics.
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- IPR, Technology Transfer & StandardsHigh-yieldasked 3/10 yrs
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