Border Management & Cross-Border Issues

What should you study in Border Management & Cross-Border Issues?

• India-Pakistan border — LoC, IB; infiltration; BSF deployment
• India-China border — LAC, LAC perception gaps; Galwan (2020); ITBP
• Coastal security — ISNS post-26/11; Marine Police, ICG, Navy coordination
• Northeast porous borders — Myanmar; illegal migration; drug trafficking

How often is Border Management & Cross-Border Issues asked in UPSC Mains?

Asked in 3 of 10 years, including 1 of the last 5. Highlighted years below are the ones it appeared in.

1. 2016: asked
2. 2017: not asked
3. 2018: not asked
4. 2019: asked
5. 2020: not asked
6. 2021: not asked
7. 2022: asked
8. 2023: not asked
9. 2024: not asked
10. 2025: not asked

About the Mains GS Paper III paper

GS Paper III is a 250-mark descriptive Mains paper covering technology, economic development, biodiversity, environment, security and disaster management. See all 50 Mains GS Paper III topics.

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